IP Address and Various Classes of IPV4 Address

Every computer on the Internet is identified by a unique address called Internet Protocol ( IP ) address. This unique address is used to route packets across the Internet. Internet routing protocol uses this unique information to route packets to your computer just like the mailing addresses used in postal system.

An IPV4 address consist of 4 bytes (32 bits) of information and each byte is a number between 0 and 255. IPV4 address is expressed as four decimal numbers with dots act as separator between each one.

Example

Decimal	192.168.0.1
Binary	1000000 10101000 0000000 00000001

IPV4 address space is divided in to 5 classes - Class A,B,C,D,E. This division is based on the left most four bits of an IP address, when it's expressed as a binary number.

Class	Leftmost bits	Start address	End address
A	0xxx	0.0.0.0	127.255.255.255
B	10xx	128.0.0.0	191.255.255.255
C	110x	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.255
D	1110	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.255
E	1111	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.255

If you want to disguise your IP address you can use an anonymizer. I will disguess about anonymizer in my next article.

tags:ip address, format of an ip address, ipv4 address, ip address fields, various classes of ip address, what is ipv4 address, anonymizer, division of ipv4 address

Samsung N350 Netbook Specifications, Availability

Samsung has recently announced the availability of their latest netbook Samsung N350 in UK. This netbook is available for about $558. Samsung N350 comes with a 10.1 inch display, 1.83GHz Intel Atom N475 processor, Windows 7 Starter OS. This netbook is available in black color only.

Specifications

• 10.1-inch (1024 x 600) Display

• Intel Atom N475 Processor (1.83GHz)

• Windows 7 Starter OS

• 1GB DDR3 RAM

• 250GB Hard drive

• Intel GMA 3150 integrated graphics

• Webcam

• 4-in-1 card reader

• WiFi, Bluetooth

• 3-cell battery

tags:samsung n350 netbook spec, samsung n350 features, samsung n350 full spec, samsung n350 ram, samsung n350 os, samsung n350 windows, samsung n350 graphics, samsung n350 hard drive, samsung n350 availability, samsung n350 processor, samsung n350 display, samsung n350 netbook resolution

What is a PAN Card | Format of a PAN Card

PAN (Permanent Account Number) is a unique ten-digit alphanumeric number issued by the Income Tax Department in India in the form of a laminated card. PAN number is must for all those who file their income tax returns.

Also PAN card is necessary for all financial transactions such as opening a bank account, receiving taxable salary or professional fees, sale or purchase of assets above specified limits. It also serves as an important ID proof. PAN number is unaffected by a change of address, even between states.

PAN number is also equivalent to Social security number issued in United States.

PAN Number Format

PAN number is a ten-digit alphanumeric number. It's like 'AAAAA4444A'. The first 5 characters are letters, next 4 numerals and last character letter. If the PAN number doesn't follow this format, then it will be rejected.

The fourth Character can be any of the following letters

• C — Company

• P — Person

• H — HUF(Hindu Undivided Family)

• F — Firm

• A — Association of Persons (AOP)

• T — AOP (Trust)

• B — Body of Individuals (BOI)

• L — Local Authority

• J — Artificial Juridical Person

• G — Govt

In the case of personal PAN card, the fifth character is the first character of the surname/lastname.

tags:what is a pan card, format of a pan card, various characters in pan card, permanent account number, what is a pan card